> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://dso.getlemma.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Bill dental claims

> Run the dental billing cycle: verify benefits against plan design, use predeterminations correctly, submit 837Ds with attachments, and post remittances that distinguish denials from downgrades.

Clean dental billing depends on benefit verification that captures **plan design**, appropriate use of **predeterminations** for major work, and payment posting that separates denials from benefit-design reductions. Plan design includes maximums, frequency limits, and downgrades. This guide assumes payer enrollment is complete; otherwise, start with [Enroll with dental payers](/guides/enrollment/enroll-with-dental-payers).

## Prerequisites

* A PMS and clearinghouse that handle the **837D**, dental attachments, and real-time 270/271 eligibility; see [CDT and the 837D](/reference/edi/cdt-and-837d)
* Current-year CDT tables loaded (the code set rolls every January 1)
* Fee schedules loaded per payer, including leased-network variants
* A financial consent form that covers downgrades, frequency limits, and exhausted maximums

## 1. Verify benefits like a dental biller, not a medical one

Eligibility (the 270/271) tells you the patient is covered. Dental verification has to go further, because the plan's *design* determines what you collect:

| Capture                                  | Why                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
| ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Remaining annual maximum**             | Amounts beyond the maximum may become patient responsibility and may be collected at the time of service when the consent and plan terms permit                                                                                                      |
| **Deductible status and coverage tiers** | The "100/80/50" skeleton varies by plan                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| **Frequency limits and history**         | A limit is useful only when you know what the patient has already used, so request history as well as the rule                                                                                                                                       |
| **Missing tooth clause**                 | Determines whether the bridge or implant is covered at all                                                                                                                                                                                           |
| **Waiting periods**                      | Common on individual plans for basic and major services                                                                                                                                                                                              |
| **Downgrade behavior**                   | Does this plan pay posterior composites at the amalgam allowance? Model it in the estimate                                                                                                                                                           |
| **COB status**                           | With two plans, establish primacy before treatment. For dependent children, the **birthday rule** generally makes primary the plan of the parent whose birthday falls earlier in the calendar year, subject to superseding court orders.<sup>1</sup> |

Put the answers into the treatment-plan estimate. Omitting expected downgrades or the remaining maximum can understate the patient's share and make the balance harder to collect later.

## 2. Use predeterminations for major work

For crowns, periodontal surgery, prosthodontics, implants, and orthodontics, submit a **predetermination**: the same 837D marked as a predetermination request, with clinical documentation attached. The payer returns its coverage estimate.

A predetermination is **not a guarantee of payment**. Final adjudication applies eligibility, the remaining maximum, and frequency limits **as of the date of service**.<sup>2</sup> Submit it close to the planned treatment date and present the response to the patient as an estimate. A **preauthorization** is different: some payers, especially Medicaid dental plans and DHMOs, require it before specified procedures are payable. Missing one may leave no appealable adjudication error.

## 3. Submit the claim with what the payer will ask for anyway

Dental payers often require radiographs, periodontal charting, narratives, or intraoral photos for crowns, scaling and root planing, implants, and buildups. Sending the initial claim without required documentation can add a request-for-information cycle. The current mechanism uses services such as NEA FastAttach or a clearinghouse attachment service, with a reference number placed on the claim. A HIPAA-standard attachment transaction becomes mandatory in **May 2028**.<sup>3</sup>

Dental claims add tooth numbers, surfaces, quadrant or arch designations, and the banding date for orthodontics. Validate these fields against the procedure and patient history to avoid frequency-limit or duplicate flags.

For Medicaid patients, use the claim route shown in the practice's current enrollment and the state program's instructions. Depending on the delivery model, that may be state fee-for-service, a managed-care plan, or a dental benefit administrator such as DentaQuest, MCNA, or Liberty.<sup>4</sup> See the [dental payer directory](/reference/payers/dental-payer-directory).

## 4. Post remittances that separate denials from design

Train the billing team to distinguish three reasons an 835 may pay less than the amount billed:

1. **A genuine denial**, such as missing preauthorization, a non-covered service, or a coding error. Correct and resubmit it or [file an appeal](/guides/billing/file-appeals), as appropriate.
2. **A downgrade (alternate benefit or LEAT)**, such as a plan paying a composite at the amalgam allowance. This is not a denial. The difference may be patient responsibility if the contract and signed financial consent permit.<sup>5</sup>
3. **A frequency or maximum limitation**, where the benefit has been exhausted. This may also be patient responsibility and generally is not an appeal.

Do not route downgrades into the appeal queue or write them off automatically. Central posting rules should distinguish contractual adjustments from benefit-design patient balances at every office. This separation also keeps [write-off analysis](/guides/growth/acquire-a-dental-practice) accurate.

## 5. Watch the numbers that are specific to dental

* **PPO write-off percentage.** Participating practices commonly write off 30–45% of gross production; a sustained rate above roughly 40% may identify fee schedules for review.<sup>6</sup>
* **Leased-network EOBs.** If a payer you did not contract with applies a discount, identify the network contract behind the rate and review any opt-out rights. Roughly 30 states have leasing-disclosure statutes.<sup>7</sup> See [Enroll with dental payers](/guides/enrollment/enroll-with-dental-payers).
* **Hygiene recall and reappointment rates.** See [DSO economics](/concepts/finance/dso-economics).

## Verify it worked

* [ ] Benefit verification captures the maximum, frequencies, downgrades, waiting periods, and COB rather than only an "active" status
* [ ] Predeterminations submitted for major work, dated near treatment
* [ ] Attachments ride with the initial claim for procedures that always require them
* [ ] Posting rules distinguish denial / downgrade / limitation, with separate adjustment codes
* [ ] Medicaid claims route to the DBA's portal, per state
* [ ] Write-off percentage reported per payer per month

## Sources

1. ADA, [Coordination of benefits](https://www.ada.org/resources/practice/dental-insurance/ada-guidance-on-coordination-of-benefits).
2. ADA, [Pre-authorizations and pre-treatment estimates](https://www.ada.org/resources/practice/dental-insurance/pre-authorizations).
3. Vyne Dental, [FastAttach](https://vynedental.com/fastattach/); 91 Fed. Reg. 14350 (Mar. 24, 2026), compliance May 26, 2028. See [CDT and the 837D](/reference/edi/cdt-and-837d) for details.
4. See the sources collected in the [dental payer directory](/reference/payers/dental-payer-directory); e.g., [SC DHHS dental provider manual](https://provider.scdhhs.gov/internet/pdf/manuals/Dental/Manual.pdf); [Louisiana DOH dental services](https://ldh.la.gov/medicaid/dental-services).
5. ADA, [Least expensive alternative treatment (LEAT) clause](https://www.ada.org/resources/practice/dental-insurance/least-expensive-alternative-treatment-clause).
6. Consultant-reported benchmark ranges: Veritas Dental Resources, [the true cost of dental insurance participation](https://veritasdentalresources.com/post/the-true-cost-of-dental-insurance-participation-a-write-off-reality-check); Dental Billing Assist, [dental billing KPIs](https://dentalbillingassist.com/blog/posts/dental-billing-kpis-benchmarks).
7. ADA, [PPO leasing networks white paper (PDF)](https://www.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ada-org/files/resources/practice/dental-insurance/ppo_leasing_networks.pdf); ADA News, [Colorado enacts network-leasing reform](https://adanews.ada.org/ada-news/2026/april/coloradoenacts-dental-insurance-reform-targeting-network-leasing-practices/) (April 2026).